Roadbed made from plastic carpet chair mats

piece of gauge-1 track with package of drill bit and screws

“Don’t sweat the small stuff!”  That’s easy to say when you are running small equipment on your rails.  Your diminutive LGB Stainz and two-axle freight/passenger coaches with hook-and-loop couplers can track over pretty much whatever you throw at them. But what of us who like to run the big stuff?  Heavyweights, streamliners, and extended freight […]

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How do mechanical passenger car washers work?

Black-and-white image of streamlined passenger car by trackside mechanical washer.

Q: How do mechanical passenger car washers work? — Steve Moore A: Keeping passenger cars clean is a never-ending battle as they’re subjected to the same dirt, dust, and grime as locomotives and freight cars. While spot cleaning, such as windows, is handled en route, extensive cleaning is handled at coach yards and larger terminals. […]

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S scale product availability

Color photo of S gauge boxcar painted green with orange graphics

A finished S scale layout or individual model can be both visually and operationally impressive. However, getting the desired model may be somewhat harder than in a scale with more manufacturers and product offerings. As S scale modelers are quick to point out, modeling in 1:64 calls for inventiveness and perseverance. While there are ready-to-run […]

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Why do railroads use signals?

A train passes in front of a large mountain in the background

A common question newcomers to model railroading ask is “Why do railroads use signals?” The quick answer is to keep trains moving safely. But the topic of railroad signals deserves more of an explanation. The evolution of railroad signals When trains are running in the same direction on the same line, in opposite directions on […]

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Why do railroads use catenary?

Orange, black, and white model electric locomotive running under catenary.

When you think about electrified rail lines today, the first thing that probably comes to mind is Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor. But in the first half of the 1900s, before the start of the diesel era, railroads used electrified lines to move freight and passengers. Examples in the east included the New York, New Haven & […]

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Why did railroads use train orders?

Scan of train order with information written in pen.

If you’ve read Model Railroader or many of our books and special issues, you’ve probably seen references to timetable-and-train-order operation, or TTTO for short. Employee timetables (ETT) that governed TTTO operation listed station names, mileposts, train numbers and classes, departure and arrival times, and operating instructions, among other items, to govern train movements. So why […]

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Why do railroads use towers?

An HO scale model of a railroad interlocking tower with boarded-up windows stands next to a track as a red-nosed Canadian National wide-nose Alco M420 approaches from the right

What are railroad tower operations? Railroad tower operations can have at least two meanings. One is what happens inside a tower, or more specifically, an interlocking tower. The other is a way of running a railroad, by using the operators in interlocking towers to control traffic through specific points of the railroad. So, why do […]

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How to keep your model railroad layout clean

It’s all-too-easy to turn your layout into a depository of dirt-carrying items and cover it with cookie crumbs!

Tips for keeping your model railroad layout clean: A clean layout is fun to run, fun to work on, and fun to look at.  Unfortunately, the three D’s – dust, dirt and debris – are in season all year long and can make keeping a layout clean a constant, time-consuming job. Here are a few […]

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OS block control using an Arduino microcontroller

A railroad dispatch schematic with a train passing another on a siding

The following project is an update of Gary D. Patterson’s “Simplified CTC signals” in the July 1988 issue of MR. Bringing the project up to date was a large endeavour. The block control project now incorporates “all” solid-state components controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. I refer to this updated article as “CTC Signals 2.0.” The […]

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Common methods for uncoupling cars

Photo showing two flatcars and assorted uncoupling items.

Automatic knuckle couplers have been a part of model railroading for more than 60 years. Not only do these couplers look more like what you see on full-size locomotives and freight cars, they’re easy to install and use. You can learn more about them in my articles on HO and N scale couplers on Trains.com. […]

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In Memoriam: Bill Neale

Bill Neale

A friend to many model railroaders and a leader in operations, track design, and the history of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Bill Neale passed away on December 28,2023 after a brief illness. He was 74. Bill started his model railroad career at an early age. He became a lifelong member of the National Model Railroad Association […]

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